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ESC、TCS系(xi)(xi)統通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出(chu)和制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統來保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)平穩駕(jia)駛(shi)，以(yi)損失動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力作為安全保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)防止超越物理(li)極限(xian)；AWD控(kong)制(zhi)并調(diao)整(zheng)每個車(che)(che)輪(lun)的扭矩輸(shu)出(chu)，在(zai)不(bu)干涉發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出(chu)的情況下提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)物理(li)極限(xian)，保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)你全天(tian)候(hou)的駕(jia)駛(shi)樂(le)趣(qu)。車(che)(che)輛的驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)有FWD(Front-Wheel Drive）、RWD(Rear-Wheel Drive）、4WD(Four-Wheel Drive）和AWD(All-Wheel Drive）。我們(men)先(xian)來看看這幾種(zhong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)。前(qian)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（FWD）：今天(tian)占轎車(che)(che)產品(pin)的70%的經濟型及中級(ji)轎車(che)(che)都(dou)采(cai)用了(le)(le)前(qian)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。就(jiu)像名(ming)字所暗示的，只有前(qian)輪(lun)傳遞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。安裝在(zai)前(qian)部的發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)將動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力直接傳輸(shu)到前(qian)輪(lun)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)牽引效(xiao)率，60%～70%的重(zhong)量集(ji)中在(zai)轎車(che)(che)前(qian)部，提(ti)供了(le)(le)更好的冰雪穩定性，但前(qian)輪(lun)要承受75%的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而且在(zai)急(ji)加(jia)速時車(che)(che)身重(zhong)心后(hou)移，就(jiu)會造成(cheng)加(jia)速延遲，在(zai)操(cao)控(kong)上也存在(zai)著轉(zhuan)向過度和后(hou)輪(lun)打滑現象(xiang)。

全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式：一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)時(shi)全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即(ji)(ji)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)時(shi)間(jian)都是(shi)全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；另一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)短時(shi)全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，它可以切(qie)斷(duan)某個橋的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，以減少(shao)燃料消(xiao)耗和磨損，只(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)需要時(shi)再(zai)(zai)使(shi)用全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。過去只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)越野車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)采用4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，一般的(de)(de)越野車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，變速(su)器(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)面裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離器(qi)，前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)各裝(zhuang)一個稱為驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件。變速(su)器(qi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)扭(niu)矩通過分(fen)(fen)(fen)力器(qi)和傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋，再(zai)(zai)通過驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋將(jiang)扭(niu)矩傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子上。現在(zai)(zai)轎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)馬力都比(bi)較大，加速(su)時(shi)重心后(hou)(hou)(hou)移(yi)，全(quan)(quan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)重量(liang)就會向后(hou)(hou)(hou)軸(zhou)(zhou)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，造成前(qian)軸(zhou)(zhou)輕(qing)飄。前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)轎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)即(ji)(ji)使(shi)在(zai)(zai)良好的(de)(de)路(lu)面上也(ye)會打滑(hua)，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)就可以防止這種(zhong)(zhong)現象發生(sheng)。轎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置是(shi)常嚙合(he)(he)式，增加了(le)粘(zhan)性耦合(he)(he)器(qi)，省去了(le)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)力器(qi)，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)扭(niu)矩按(an)需分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子上。在(zai)(zai)正常路(lu)面上，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置將(jiang)引擎輸出(chu)扭(niu)矩的(de)(de)92%分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)到前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，8%分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)到后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；在(zai)(zai)滑(hua)溜的(de)(de)路(lu)面上，將(jiang)至少(shao)40%的(de)(de)引擎機輸出(chu)扭(niu)矩分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)給后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；當前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)開始打滑(hua)時(shi)，前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)差異會使(shi)耦合(he)(he)器(qi)中的(de)(de)粘(zhan)液立(li)即(ji)(ji)變稠(chou)并鎖住耦合(he)(he)器(qi)，從(cong)而使(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)只(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)扭(niu)矩傳(chuan)(chuan)遞至后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，待(dai)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)差異消(xiao)失就自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復原有(you)(you)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式。

輪(lun)(lun)(lun)體、支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸、軸套、密封圈、端蓋等相(xiang)關部件構成。支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)可分為單邊支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)與雙邊支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)；挖掘(jue)機(ji)用支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)與推土機(ji)用支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，挖掘(jue)機(ji)用支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一般(ban)(ban)是黑色(se)油(you)漆，推土機(ji)支(zhi)重輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一般(ban)(ban)是黃色(se)油(you)漆

支(zhi)重(zhong)輪輪體材料(liao)(liao)一般50Mn、40Mn2、等(deng)材料(liao)(liao)，主要(yao)工(gong)藝鑄造或鍛造，機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)，然后進(jin)行熱處理(li)，輪子表(biao)面淬(cui)火(huo)后的(de)硬度(du)(du)要(yao)達到HRC45~52，以增(zeng)加(jia)輪子表(biao)面的(de)耐磨性。支(zhi)重(zhong)輪軸的(de)加(jia)工(gong)精度(du)(du)要(yao)求(qiu)比較(jiao)高，一般是需(xu)要(yao)數控機(ji)床進(jin)行加(jia)工(gong)才能達到要(yao)求(qiu)。材料(liao)(liao)以40Mn2較(jiao)多，加(jia)工(gong)后也要(yao)進(jin)行淬(cui)火(huo)熱處理(li)，硬度(du)(du)達到HRC42左右