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概述目前(qian)，2轎車(che)(che)的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置已經引進了電子(zi)計算(suan)機控(kong)制系(xi)統，當(dang)前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或(huo)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，車(che)(che)子(zi)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據路面狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)反饋信(xin)息分配前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，變為4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又可(ke)以(yi)細分成4種(zhong)(zhong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)：全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和(he)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)/適時(shi)(shi)(shi)混和(he)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)特(te)點就是(shi)無論怎么樣，永(yong)遠都(dou)保(bao)持四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)，這種(zhong)(zhong)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統都(dou)是(shi)不(bu)需要駕駛(shi)人選擇操作(zuo)的(de)(de)。行駛(shi)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)按50∶50 設定在前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)上(shang)，使前(qian)后(hou)排車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)保(bao)持等量的(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)，遇到特(te)別(bie)路面的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)距分配到各(ge)個輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上(shang)面。全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統具有良好的(de)(de)駕駛(shi)操控(kong)性(xing)和(he)行駛(shi)循跡性(xing)，不(bu)過缺點也是(shi)很明顯的(de)(de)，那(nei)就是(shi)比較廢油，經濟(ji)性(xing)不(bu)夠好，而(er)且(qie)車(che)(che)輛(liang)沒有任何裝(zhuang)置來(lai)控(kong)制輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎轉速的(de)(de)差異，一(yi)旦一(yi)個輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎離開地(di)面就有可(ke)能讓你無法前(qian)進。

適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)介乎(hu)全時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)之(zhi)間，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)由電(dian)腦(nao)(nao)安排(pai)，操縱非常簡單。采用(yong)這種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統的車(che)輛(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據電(dian)腦(nao)(nao)來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)并且選擇(ze)適(shi)合當下情(qing)(qing)況的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)。在正(zheng)常的路面上車(che)輛(liang)一(yi)般(ban)會采用(yong)后輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的方式(shi)，而(er)一(yi)旦遇到路面不(bu)良(liang)或驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)打滑的情(qing)(qing)況，電(dian)腦(nao)(nao)就(jiu)會自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢測并立即將發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出扭矩(ju)分(fen)配給前(qian)排(pai)的兩個車(che)輪(lun)，自(zi)然切換到四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)態，從而(er)免除了(le)駕駛人的判斷和手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)操作，應(ying)用(yong)更加(jia)簡單。不(bu)過(guo)以目前(qian)的效果來(lai)看，電(dian)腦(nao)(nao)比起人腦(nao)(nao)速度還是慢了(le)很多，也就(jiu)是說住往不(bu)能及時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)的切換，反應(ying)較慢。比如北京現(xian)代生(sheng)產的途勝就(jiu)是采用(yong)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)四驅(qu)(qu)設計。

分動器的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)執(zhi)行前后(hou)輪扭矩分配功(gong)能(neng)，在分動器中間布置一個濕式多片離(li)(li)合(he)(he)器，該(gai)離(li)(li)合(he)(he)器右端(duan)通過傳動軸驅(qu)動后(hou)輪，左端(duan)通過鏈傳動驅(qu)動前輪。電控(kong)(kong)單元（ECU)ECU是(shi)AWD系統(tong)的(de)(de)核心，其功(gong)用(yong)是(shi)根(gen)據制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方案，按照編制(zhi)的(de)(de)程序對各種傳感器輸(shu)入信(xin)(xin)號(hao)進行分析、計算(suan)、處(chu)(chu)理(li)，輸(shu)出一定(ding)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)指(zhi)令，驅(qu)動電磁閥動作(zuo)。AWD系統(tong)ECU主要由輸(shu)入信(xin)(xin)號(hao)調理(li)電路(lu)、微處(chu)(chu)理(li)器、輸(shu)出信(xin)(xin)號(hao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)電路(lu)、電源電路(lu)等硬件(jian)部分以及控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)程序、軟(ruan)件(jian)平臺等軟(ruan)件(jian)部分組成(cheng)。為保證控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)可靠地工作(zuo)，電控(kong)(kong)單元還必須(xu)采取(qu)有效的(de)(de)抗干擾措(cuo)施和故(gu)障自診(zhen)斷處(chu)(chu)理(li)措(cuo)施。