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汽(qi)車(che)在行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)時(shi)(shi)，電腦(nao)利用下(xia)述3種傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)斷(duan)檢測汽(qi)車(che)的(de)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)狀(zhuang)態，即4個車(che)輪(lun)的(de)轉(zhuan)速傳(chuan)感(gan)器、汽(qi)車(che)的(de)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)左右加(jia)速度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器、發動機轉(zhuan)速傳(chuan)感(gan)器。此外，利用轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)盤轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)角傳(chuan)感(gan)器、油門踏(ta)板(ban)開度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器不(bu)斷(duan)地判斷(duan)司(si)機的(de)駕駛(shi)意圖(tu)，按預先給定的(de)程序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綜合(he)控制。在AWD系統(tong)中(zhong)，向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車(che)輪(lun)的(de)動力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)影(ying)響到汽(qi)車(che)的(de)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)能(neng)。如當汽(qi)車(che)向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)的(de)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比(bi)為(wei)0:100時(shi)(shi)，具有(you)較高的(de)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)和極(ji)限(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)能(neng)，當驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比(bi)為(wei)50:50時(shi)(shi)，穩定性(xing)得到提高，但轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)和 極(ji)限(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)能(neng)會(hui)下(xia)降。在轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)能(neng)、穩定性(xing)和極(ji)限(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)能(neng)之間要獲得良好(hao)平衡(heng)，必須確定優的(de)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)系數(shu)，理(li)想(xiang)的(de)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)系數(shu)按照不(bu)同的(de)路面有(you)所不(bu)同，在允許強力(li)(li)加(jia)速的(de)鋪裝路面上考慮到載荷轉(zhuan)移，以向(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)較大驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)為(wei)宜。但是，在打滑的(de)路面，當向(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)較大驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)會(hui)引起(qi)過度(du)(du)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)。有(you)資料認為(wei)，理(li)想(xiang)的(de)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比(bi)在3O ：70～50：50。目前(qian)(qian)，本田新(xin)一代Legend轎車(che)的(de)SH—AWD能(neng)使前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)在70：30—30：70內(nei)連續變化。

分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)由(you)駕(jia)(jia)駛員根據(ju)路面情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，選(xuan)擇(ze)四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)或者兩(liang)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，這也是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)越(yue)野(ye)車(che)或四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)SUV 常(chang)見的驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式。分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)較大的特(te)點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)人工操作，由(you)駕(jia)(jia)駛員根據(ju)路面情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)通過接通或斷開分(fen)(fen)動(dong)(dong)器來變化(hua)兩(liang)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)或四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式，較大的優點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)可(ke)以根據(ju)實際(ji)(ji)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)來選(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式，比較經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟。就(jiu)(jiu)拿(na)普(pu)通的越(yue)野(ye)車(che)而(er)言，一(yi)般(ban)都有(you)三(san)種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式可(ke)以選(xuan)擇(ze)：在(zai)公路上行駛使用2H 高(gao)速(su)(su)兩(liang)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)檔(dang)，當(dang)遇到(dao)雨(yu)雪路況(kuang)時(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)4H 高(gao)速(su)(su)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)增強車(che)輛的附著力和(he)操控性(xing)，而(er)面對惡劣路況(kuang)的挑(tiao)戰時(shi)(shi)又(you)可(ke)采用4L 低(di)速(su)(su)四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，使動(dong)(dong)力作用在(zai)全部四(si)個車(che)輪上，從而(er)降低(di)了(le)對每(mei)個輪胎附著力的要(yao)求，減小(xiao)了(le)轉(zhuan)彎時(shi)(shi)車(che)輪空轉(zhuan)的幾(ji)率，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制動(dong)(dong)能力也得以增強，極大地提高(gao)了(le)車(che)輛在(zai)崎(qi)嶇或光滑路面行駛時(shi)(shi)在(zai)油門突然(ran)關閉(bi)的情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下的可(ke)控性(xing)。優點(dian)是(shi)可(ke)根據(ju)實際(ji)(ji)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)來選(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式，比較經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟；缺點(dian)是(shi)其機(ji)(ji)械結構比較復雜(za)，駕(jia)(jia)駛員要(yao)具有(you)一(yi)定的經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗才(cai)能掌握好切換時(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)。

分(fen)動器(qi)的功(gong)能(neng)是執行前后輪扭矩分(fen)配功(gong)能(neng)，在分(fen)動器(qi)中間布置一(yi)個(ge)濕式多(duo)片(pian)離合(he)器(qi)，該離合(he)器(qi)右端通過(guo)傳(chuan)動軸驅動后輪，左端通過(guo)鏈傳(chuan)動驅動前輪。電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)元(yuan)（ECU)ECU是AWD系(xi)統(tong)的核心，其(qi)功(gong)用是根據制(zhi)(zhi)定的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方案，按照編制(zhi)(zhi)的程序對各種(zhong)傳(chuan)感器(qi)輸入信(xin)號(hao)進行分(fen)析、計算、處(chu)理，輸出(chu)一(yi)定的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)指令(ling)，驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥動作(zuo)。AWD系(xi)統(tong)ECU主要由輸入信(xin)號(hao)調理電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、微處(chu)理器(qi)、輸出(chu)信(xin)號(hao)處(chu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等硬件(jian)(jian)部分(fen)以及控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程序、軟件(jian)(jian)平(ping)臺等軟件(jian)(jian)部分(fen)組成(cheng)。為保(bao)證(zheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)可靠地工(gong)作(zuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)元(yuan)還必須采取有(you)效的抗(kang)干擾措(cuo)施和故障(zhang)自診斷處(chu)理措(cuo)施。