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分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)就是(shi)由駕(jia)駛(shi)員根(gen)據路(lu)面(mian)情況，選(xuan)擇四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)或(huo)者兩驅(qu)(qu)(qu)，這也是(shi)一般(ban)越野(ye)車或(huo)四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)SUV 常(chang)見的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式。分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大的(de)特點(dian)就是(shi)人工(gong)操作，由駕(jia)駛(shi)員根(gen)據路(lu)面(mian)情況通(tong)過接通(tong)或(huo)斷開分動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器來(lai)(lai)變(bian)化兩輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式，較(jiao)大的(de)優(you)點(dian)就是(shi)可(ke)以根(gen)據實(shi)際情況來(lai)(lai)選(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式，比較(jiao)經(jing)濟。就拿普通(tong)的(de)越野(ye)車而言，一般(ban)都有(you)三種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式可(ke)以選(xuan)擇：在(zai)公路(lu)上(shang)行駛(shi)使用(yong)2H 高速兩輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檔，當遇到雨(yu)雪路(lu)況時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇4H 高速驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)增強車輛的(de)附(fu)著(zhu)力(li)(li)和操控性，而面(mian)對(dui)惡劣路(lu)況的(de)挑(tiao)戰時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又可(ke)采用(yong)4L 低(di)速四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，使動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)作用(yong)在(zai)全部四(si)個車輪上(shang)，從而降低(di)了(le)(le)對(dui)每個輪胎附(fu)著(zhu)力(li)(li)的(de)要求，減(jian)小了(le)(le)轉彎(wan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)車輪空轉的(de)幾(ji)率(lv)，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)力(li)(li)也得以增強，極大地提高了(le)(le)車輛在(zai)崎嶇或(huo)光滑路(lu)面(mian)行駛(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)油門(men)突然關閉(bi)的(de)情況下的(de)可(ke)控性。優(you)點(dian)是(shi)可(ke)根(gen)據實(shi)際情況來(lai)(lai)選(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式，比較(jiao)經(jing)濟；缺點(dian)是(shi)其機械結構比較(jiao)復雜，駕(jia)駛(shi)員要具有(you)一定的(de)經(jing)驗才能(neng)掌握好切(qie)換(huan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機。

概述目前，2轎(jiao)車的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置已經引進了電子(zi)計算機(ji)控制系統(tong)，當前輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，車子(zi)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據路(lu)面狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)反饋信息分(fen)(fen)配(pei)前后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力，變為4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)又可(ke)以(yi)細分(fen)(fen)成4種(zhong)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)：全(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和(he)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)/適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混和(he)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。全(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)全(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)特(te)點就是無論怎么樣(yang)，永遠(yuan)都(dou)保持(chi)四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)，這種(zhong)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)都(dou)是不(bu)需要駕駛人(ren)選擇操(cao)作的(de)(de)。行駛的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸出扭(niu)矩按50∶50 設定在前后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)上，使前后排車輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)保持(chi)等量的(de)(de)扭(niu)矩，遇到特(te)別(bie)路(lu)面的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候就可(ke)以(yi)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)將不(bu)同的(de)(de)扭(niu)距分(fen)(fen)配(pei)到各個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上面。全(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)具有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)駕駛操(cao)控性和(he)行駛循跡性，不(bu)過缺點也是很明顯的(de)(de)，那(nei)就是比較廢油(you)，經濟性不(bu)夠好(hao)，而且車輛沒有(you)任何裝置來控制輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)轉(zhuan)速(su)的(de)(de)差異，一(yi)旦一(yi)個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)離開地面就有(you)可(ke)能讓你(ni)無法前進。

全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)也分(fen)兩(liang)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式：一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)時全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，即(ji)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)時間都是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)短(duan)時全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，它可以切(qie)斷(duan)某個(ge)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，以減少燃(ran)料消耗(hao)和(he)磨損，只(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)需要時再使用全(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。過(guo)去只(zhi)(zhi)有越野車(che)(che)采用4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，一(yi)般的(de)(de)越野車(che)(che)，變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)后(hou)面裝有手動(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)離器(qi)，前(qian)后(hou)車(che)(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)各(ge)裝一(yi)個(ge)稱為驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)部(bu)件。變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)輸出的(de)(de)扭矩(ju)通過(guo)分(fen)力(li)(li)器(qi)和(he)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)，分(fen)別傳(chuan)遞(di)到前(qian)后(hou)車(che)(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)，再通過(guo)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)將扭矩(ju)傳(chuan)遞(di)到輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上。現在(zai)轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)馬力(li)(li)都比較大，加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)時重心后(hou)移，全(quan)(quan)車(che)(che)重量就(jiu)會(hui)向后(hou)軸(zhou)(zhou)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，造(zao)成前(qian)軸(zhou)(zhou)輕飄。前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)即(ji)使在(zai)良(liang)好的(de)(de)路(lu)面上也會(hui)打滑，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)就(jiu)可以防止這種(zhong)現象發(fa)生。轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置是(shi)(shi)常(chang)嚙合(he)式，增加(jia)了(le)粘(zhan)性耦合(he)器(qi)，省去了(le)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)力(li)(li)器(qi)，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)將扭矩(ju)按(an)需分(fen)配在(zai)前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上。在(zai)正常(chang)路(lu)面上，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置將引(yin)擎輸出扭矩(ju)的(de)(de)92%分(fen)配到前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，8%分(fen)配到后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；在(zai)滑溜的(de)(de)路(lu)面上，將至少40%的(de)(de)引(yin)擎機輸出扭矩(ju)分(fen)配給后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；當前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)開始打滑時，前(qian)、后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)差異(yi)會(hui)使耦合(he)器(qi)中的(de)(de)粘(zhan)液(ye)立即(ji)變(bian)稠并鎖住耦合(he)器(qi)，從(cong)而使傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)只(zhi)(zhi)將扭矩(ju)傳(chuan)遞(di)至后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，待(dai)前(qian)、后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)差異(yi)消失就(jiu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)回(hui)復(fu)原(yuan)有驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)(xing)式。