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概述目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，2轎車(che)的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)已經引(yin)進了電子計(ji)算機(ji)控制系(xi)統，當前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)或后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，車(che)子隨時(shi)根據路面(mian)狀態的(de)(de)反饋信息分(fen)(fen)配前(qian)(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)子的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，變為(wei)4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又可以細(xi)分(fen)(fen)成4種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)：全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分(fen)(fen)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和分(fen)(fen)時(shi)/適(shi)時(shi)混和驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)特(te)點就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)論怎么樣(yang)，永(yong)遠(yuan)都保(bao)持(chi)(chi)四(si)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)，這種傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統都是(shi)(shi)不需要駕駛(shi)人(ren)選擇操作的(de)(de)。行(xing)駛(shi)的(de)(de)時(shi)將發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸出扭矩按50∶50 設定在前(qian)(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)上，使前(qian)(qian)后(hou)排車(che)輪(lun)(lun)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)等量的(de)(de)扭矩，遇到(dao)特(te)別路面(mian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候就(jiu)可以自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將不同的(de)(de)扭距分(fen)(fen)配到(dao)各(ge)個輪(lun)(lun)子上面(mian)。全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)駕駛(shi)操控性和行(xing)駛(shi)循跡性，不過(guo)缺(que)點也是(shi)(shi)很明顯的(de)(de)，那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)比較廢油，經濟性不夠好，而且(qie)車(che)輛(liang)沒(mei)有任(ren)何裝置(zhi)來(lai)控制輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)轉速的(de)(de)差(cha)異，一旦(dan)一個輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)離開地面(mian)就(jiu)有可能讓你無(wu)法前(qian)(qian)進。

適(shi)(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)介乎(hu)全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)和(he)分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)之(zhi)間(jian)，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)由(you)電(dian)腦安(an)排(pai)，操縱非常簡單。采用這種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統的(de)車(che)(che)輛時(shi)根據電(dian)腦來(lai)控制并且選擇適(shi)(shi)合(he)當下情況(kuang)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)。在正常的(de)路面上車(che)(che)輛一般會采用后輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，而一旦遇到(dao)路面不良或驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)打滑的(de)情況(kuang)，電(dian)腦就(jiu)會自動(dong)(dong)檢(jian)測并立即(ji)將發動(dong)(dong)機輸出扭矩分配(pei)給前排(pai)的(de)兩(liang)個車(che)(che)輪(lun)，自然切換(huan)到(dao)四(si)輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)狀態(tai)，從而免(mian)除了駕駛人的(de)判斷和(he)手動(dong)(dong)操作，應(ying)用更加簡單。不過以目前的(de)效果來(lai)看，電(dian)腦比(bi)起人腦速度(du)還是(shi)慢了很(hen)多，也就(jiu)是(shi)說住往不能及時(shi)進行驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)的(de)切換(huan)，反(fan)應(ying)較慢。比(bi)如(ru)北京現代(dai)生產的(de)途勝就(jiu)是(shi)采用適(shi)(shi)時(shi)四(si)驅(qu)(qu)設計。

全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)也(ye)分(fen)兩種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)：一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，即全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)時(shi)間都(dou)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)；另一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)短時(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，它可(ke)以切斷某個橋的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)，以減少(shao)燃料消耗和磨(mo)損，只(zhi)(zhi)在需要時(shi)再使(shi)用全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)。過(guo)去只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)越野(ye)車(che)(che)(che)采用4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，一般的(de)(de)(de)越野(ye)車(che)(che)(che)，變(bian)速(su)器(qi)后面(mian)裝(zhuang)有(you)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)離器(qi)，前(qian)(qian)后車(che)(che)(che)軸(zhou)各(ge)裝(zhuang)一個稱(cheng)為驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)橋的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件。變(bian)速(su)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)通過(guo)分(fen)力(li)器(qi)和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)，分(fen)別傳(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)前(qian)(qian)后車(che)(che)(che)軸(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)橋，再通過(guo)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)橋將扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上。現(xian)在轎車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)馬力(li)都(dou)比(bi)較大(da)，加速(su)時(shi)重心后移，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)車(che)(che)(che)重量就會(hui)向后軸(zhou)移動(dong)(dong)，造成(cheng)前(qian)(qian)軸(zhou)輕飄(piao)。前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)轎車(che)(che)(che)即使(shi)在良好的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)面(mian)上也(ye)會(hui)打(da)滑，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)就可(ke)以防止這種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)象發生。轎車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置是(shi)常(chang)(chang)嚙合式(shi)(shi)，增加了粘(zhan)性耦合器(qi)，省去了手(shou)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)力(li)器(qi)，自動(dong)(dong)將扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)按需分(fen)配(pei)在前(qian)(qian)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上。在正常(chang)(chang)路(lu)面(mian)上，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置將引擎(qing)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)92%分(fen)配(pei)到(dao)前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，8%分(fen)配(pei)到(dao)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)；在滑溜的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)面(mian)上，將至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)40%的(de)(de)(de)引擎(qing)機輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)分(fen)配(pei)給后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)；當前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)開始打(da)滑時(shi)，前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)差(cha)異會(hui)使(shi)耦合器(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)液立即變(bian)稠并鎖住耦合器(qi)，從而使(shi)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)只(zhi)(zhi)將扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)遞(di)至(zhi)(zhi)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，待前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)差(cha)異消失就自動(dong)(dong)回復原有(you)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。